Tranexamic Acid Skin Benefits And Side Effects

When it comes to addressing hyperpigmentation and achieving a more even skin tone, Tranexamic Acid is increasingly becoming a go-to ingredient in the skincare community. Known for its powerful effects in reducing dark spots, melasma, and discoloration, Tranexamic Acid is a versatile and gentle option that’s suitable for a wide range of skin types.

learn how to pronounce it properly: it’s pronounced TRAN-EX-AM-IC ACID. And no, it is not an exfoliating acid.

If you’re new to Tranexamic Acid or just curious about how it works and what it can do for your skin, this guide will walk you through everything you need to know—from its benefits to potential side effects.

What Is Tranexamic Acid?

Tranexamic Acid is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine. Traditionally, it’s been used in medicine to reduce excessive bleeding by helping blood clot, particularly during childbirth and has saved countless women’s lives. However, its benefits extend beyond the medical field, as it has shown impressive results in skincare, particularly in treating hyperpigmentation and improving skin tone.

It’s a question many might ask: what does a drug for bleeding have to do with skin brightening? The answer lies in the history of tranexamic acid, a story filled with serendipity, as many amazing ingredients have been discovered by mistake.

Tranexamic acid was discovered in Japan during World War II by husband-and-wife researchers Drs Utako and Shosuke Okamoto. Motivated by the high number of women dying from postpartum haemorrhage, a leading cause of death in childbirth at the time, they aimed to develop a treatment to reduce bleeding.

Their work resulted in Tranexamic acid, a medication that helps minimize bleeding. See a video on YouTube about this discovery below

It wasn’t until decades later, in the 1970s, that dermatologists began noticing a significant reduction in the appearance of melasma, a type of hyperpigmentation, in patients taking tranexamic acid for bleeding issues. This unexpected result led to more studies on tranexamic acid for the skin, and it is currently used as a hyperpigmentation agent in the skincare world.

With this fascinating history in mind, let’s explore the benefits of tranexamic acid for the skin.

How Does Tranexamic Acid Work?

Tranexamic Acid works by inhibiting the interaction between melanocytes (the cells that produce pigment) and keratinocytes (the cells that make up the majority of the epidermis). This inhibition prevents the skin from producing excess melanin, which is the pigment responsible for dark spots and discoloration. By regulating melanin production, Tranexamic Acid helps to fade existing pigmentation and prevent new spots from forming.

The Key Benefits Of Tranexamic Acid

1. Effective Against Melasma

Tranexamic Acid is particularly effective in reducing hyperpigmentation, including melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), and sunspots. It works by blocking the transfer of pigment within the skin, leading to a more even complexion.

Melasma is very difficult to treat…no cap. It is uncontrollable and it can have a massive psychological and distressing impact on a person. Imagine you go to sleep with clear skin, and the next day, melasma shows up on your face. Like “Hello, good morning”. It’s truly distressing!

Tranexamic acid controls melasma in three ways:

a) Tranexamic acid’s first mechanism against melasma involves inhibiting the activation of plasminogen. Plasminogen is a protein involved in various cellular processes. When activated, it can trigger a pathway that stimulates melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the skin. By inhibiting plasminogen activation, tranexamic acid may help reduce this stimulation and potentially lessen melasma pigmentation.

b) Tranexamic acid also works by decreasing tyrosinase activity, which in turn slows down melanocyte activation. Melanocytes are the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its colour.

c) Tranexamic acid might also help by regulating the interaction between mast cells and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF is a protein involved in blood vessel growth, and some studies suggest it may contribute to melasma development. While the exact mechanism is still being explored, tranexamic acid’s potential role in this pathway is an ongoing area of research.

2. Effective Against Sun-induced Hyperpigmentation

Tranexamic Acid can help prevent pigmentation caused by sun exposure. While it shouldn’t replace your sunscreen, it can serve as an additional layer of protection against UV-induced spots.

A study investigated the effects of tranexamic acid on women aged 33-53 with concerns about skin dullness and hyperpigmentation. They applied tranexamic acid twice daily for three months. The study observed improvements in skin lightening, reduced dullness, diminished dark spots and freckles, and a smoother skin texture with minimized pores.

The study reported no side effects after three months of use.

3. Safe for Sensitive Skin

Unlike some other active ingredients used to treat hyperpigmentation, Tranexamic Acid is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin. It is less likely to cause irritation or peeling, making it a gentle option for those with reactive skin.

4. Compatible with Other Skincare Ingredients

Tranexamic Acid pairs well with other skin-brightening ingredients like Vitamin C, Niacinamide, and Retinol, enhancing its efficacy without increasing the risk of irritation.

How Tranexamic Acid is Dosed For Melasma

Tranexamic acid comes in various forms, including pills, injectables, and topical creams. For oral tranexamic acid used to treat melasma, a dermatologist will typically prescribe a dosage within a range, depending on your specific case.

A large study involving 561 patients investigated the use of oral tranexamic acid (250mg twice daily) for a median of 4 months. While improvements in melasma were observed within 2 months, the study also found that 27.2% of patients experienced a recurrence of melasma after stopping the medication. Before taking tranexamic acid orally, please consult your dermatologist and read our medical disclaimer.

Like any medication, oral tranexamic acid can cause side effects in some people, such as nausea, stomach pain, diarrhoea, skin rashes, and other abdominal issues. It’s important to consult with your dermatologist to discuss any potential risks and benefits before starting this medication. Topical tranexamic acid can be a good option for some people who cannot tolerate or prefer not to take oral medication

How to Incorporate Tranexamic Acid into Your Skincare Routine

Start Slow: As with any active ingredient, it’s essential to introduce Tranexamic Acid gradually into your routine. Start by using it a few times a week and observe how your skin reacts before increasing frequency.

Use in Conjunction with Sunscreen: Since Tranexamic Acid is effective in reducing pigmentation, it’s crucial to protect your skin from further sun damage. Always apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen during the day to enhance its benefits and prevent new pigmentation from forming.

Layering with Other Actives: Tranexamic Acid can be used alongside other skincare actives. For instance, using it with Niacinamide can boost its brightening effects, while pairing it with Retinol can improve overall skin texture and tone.

Consistency is Key: Like most skincare treatments, consistency is vital for seeing results. It may take a few weeks to a couple of months to notice significant changes in your skin, so be patient and stick to your routine.

The Best Tranexamic Skincare Products

Potential Side Effects Of Tranexamic Acid On The Skin

Tranexamic Acid is generally well-tolerated, but like any skincare ingredient, it can cause side effects in some individuals. These might include:

Mild Irritation: Although rare, some people might experience mild irritation, especially if they have very sensitive skin. It’s always a good idea to do a patch test before applying a new product to your face.

Dryness: In some cases, Tranexamic Acid can cause dryness, particularly when used in conjunction with other active ingredients. Make sure to follow up with a good moisturizer to keep your skin hydrated.

Allergic Reactions: While uncommon, allergic reactions can occur. If you notice any unusual redness, itching, or swelling, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.

What Can Be Paired With Tranexamic Acid?

You can pair tranexamic acid with vitamin C. A study evaluated topical tranexamic acid as a cream containing 1% vitamin C, used twice daily (morning and evening) for more than 6 months in 10 patients with melasma. The result showed that melasma was fully resolved in one patient who had light pigmentation at the start of the treatment. While the other nine patients showed a reduction in hyperpigmentation.

You can also pair tranexamic acid with vitamin C and Vitamin E to boost and resolve melasma.

Who Should Avoid Tranexamic Acid?

Tranexamic Acid is safe for most people, but if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have a history of blood clotting disorders, it’s best to consult with your healthcare provider before incorporating it into your skincare routine. Although the topical application is generally considered safe, it’s always better to be cautious.

Conclusion

Tranexamic Acid is a promising ingredient for anyone looking to address hyperpigmentation, dark spots, and uneven skin tone. Its gentle nature makes it suitable for a wide range of skin types, including sensitive skin. By incorporating Tranexamic Acid into your skincare routine, you can achieve a brighter, more even complexion and enjoy the benefits of a clearer, more radiant skin tone.

As always, remember to patch test any new product, use sunscreen daily, and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about your skincare routine. If you found this guide helpful, feel free to share it with others who might benefit from learning about the wonders of Tranexamic Acid.